Tuesday, April 3, 2012

Abstract and Working Biblio

Abstract

FGM refers to Female Genital Mutilation, a procedure considered tradition in over twenty-five countries. The procedure is generally unsanitary, and painful, and depending on the situation involves partial or total removal of the external female genitalia to the female genital organs. Many of the women are forced to undergo this procedure, restrained by family members while a stranger cuts them. Although the procedure is done to bring respect and pureness to a woman, it often results in physical, medical, and psychological trauma. Its traumatic effects are compared with those who experience child abuse, and causes extensive long-term damage. Although awareness of this horrific procedure is bringing change to some areas, women around the world continue to suffer.



Works Cited



Behrendt, Alice. Mortiz, Steffen. ¨Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Memory Problems  

After Female Genital Mutilation¨. Am J Psychiatry 162 (2005) 1000-1002. Web. 3

Apr. 2012



Khartoum, ¨Sudan: Living with the Trauma of FGM¨ IRIN Humanitarian News and

Analysis.2 5 May 2005. Web. 3 April 2012. ¨http://www.irinnews.org/Report/54623/SUDAN-Living-with-the-trauma-of-FGM¨



Learner, Sue. "Scarred For Life." Nursing Standard 26.28 (2012): 20-21. Academic Search

Complete. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.



Nnamuchi, Obiajulu. "Circumcision" Or "Multilation"? Voluntary Or Forced Excision?¨

Extricating The Ethical And Legal Issues In Female Genital Ritual." Journal Of

Law & Health 25.1 (2012): 83-119. Legal Collection. Web. 3 Apr. 2012



¨Psychological Aspects¨ FGM National Clinic Group. (2007). Web. 3 April 2012.

¨http://www.fgmnationalgroup.org/psychological_aspects.htm¨



¨The Right to Femininity: Fighting Female Circumcision in Africa Today¨  Films on

Demand. 2003. Web. 3 April 2012 http://digital.films.com.proxygsuken1.galileo.usg.edu/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=34539



Utz-Billing, I.Kentenich, H. "Female Genital Mutilation: An Injury, Physical And Mental

Harm." Journal Of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 29.4 (2008): 225-229. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.



Whitehorn, James, Maingay, Samantha. ¨Female Genital Mutilation; Cultural and

Psychological Implications¨. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 17.2 (2002): Web. 3

Apr. 2012